Figurate erythema
Clinical
Features
Variants
Images
Differential
Histology
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Differential
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| Figurate erythema | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Concentric circles in Lyme disease (example of a figurate erythema) | |
| Specialty | Dermatology |
| Symptoms | Multiple red, wavy rings, concentric circles, arcs[1] |
| Types | Classic types:erythema annulare centrifugum, erythema gyratum repens, erythema migrans, erythema marginatum[1] |
Figurate erythema describes a rash linked to various skin conditions, characterized by one or more red, wavy rings, concentric circles, or arcs, typically recognised as annular patterns.[1][2]
Classification
Four classic types have been reported as erythema annulare centrifugum, erythema gyratum repens, erythema migrans and erythema marginatum, though the pattern is seen in numerous other conditions.[3][4] Causes may also be divided into infectious, malignant, and drug reactions.[5]
Signs and symptoms
Figurate erythema is typically characterized by multiple red, wavy rings, concentric circles, and arcs, typically recognised as annular patterns.[1] The initial lesion is typically a slightly raised reddish bump which extends outwards and may have a trailing scale.[5] The lesions may be fixed, transient, or migratory.[5]
Diagnosis
Distinguishing between the varying types may be easier by describing its location, how rapidly it expands, and the characteristics of its border.[1] Diagnosis is often by exclusion.[3] To confirm a diagnosis, a biopsy may be required.[1]
History
The term was first described by Thomas Fox in 1889.[4]
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 Bolognia, Jean L.; Schaffer, Julie V.; Duncan, Karynne O.; Ko, Christine (2022). "5. Figurate erythemas". Dermatology Essentials (2nd ed.). Elsevier. pp. 142–148. ISBN 978-0-323-70971-2.
- ↑ "Annular erythema". Primary Care Dermatology Society. Primary Care Dermatology Society. Retrieved 15 May 2025.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Boehner, Alexander; Neuhauser, Ruth (28 May 2021). "Figurate erythemas – update and diagnostic approach". JDDG: Journal der Deutschen Dermatologischen Gesellschaft. 19 (7): 963–972. doi:10.1111/ddg.14450. PMID 34046996.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Kazandjieva, Jana; Bogdanov, Georgi; Bogdanov, Ivan; Tsankov, Nikolai (1 May 2023). "Figurate annulare erythemas". Clinics in Dermatology. 41 (3): 368–375. doi:10.1016/j.clindermatol.2023.07.005. ISSN 0738-081X. PMID 37433389.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 James, William D.; Elston, Dirk; Treat, James R.; Rosenbach, Misha A.; Neuhaus, Isaac (2020). "7. Erythema and urticaria". Andrews' Diseases of the Skin: Clinical Dermatology (13th ed.). Edinburgh: Elsevier. p. 143-144. ISBN 978-0-323-54753-6.
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